What is ping? Why you use ping?
PING Stands for Packet InterNet Gopher. PING is used for
connectivity checking of any network or any host or device of any or other
networks.
Routers are always preferrable for routing services. Routers
work at which OSI layers?
Router works at network layer for providing routing services
between or among several networks.
A gateway works in which layer?
Transport layer of OSI model.
How can you check the connectivity of any network?
By using ping command.
What is a gateway?
A gateway acts a door for the packet to reach the ‘outside’
of the internal network.
What are the differences among router, switch, bridge and
hub?
Router, switch, bridge and hub are network devices. Yet
there are some differences among them. The main differences are:
• Router: A layer 3 device, can work on physical, data and
network layer.
• Switch: A layer 2 device, can work on data link layer
• Bridge: A layer 2 device, can work on data link layer.
• Hub: A layer 1device, just a multi-port repeater and works
on physical layer
What is the range of class A address?
0-127 is the range of class A address.
Tell an IP which has class C range. Also tell why that IP is
an class C address.
• IP of Class C: 193.1.1.1
• Why this is a class C address: Class C addresses have the
range of 192 - 223
Name a device which can operate at physical layer of OSI
model.
Hub.
Note: Remember, hub is the device that can work only into
the physical layer of OSI model. But switch, router can also be used instead of
a hub. So, all the answers hub, switch or router are all correct.
What is the major differences between a router and a switch?
A router can divide the broadcast domain and collision
domain. But a switch can only divide the collision domain. Router can
communicate among different networks where as the switch can not communicate
different networks.
Hub operates at which layers of OSI model? Is it wise to use
a hub for huge networks? Why or why not?
• Hub operates at only physical layer of OSI model.
• No, it's not so wise to use hub for a huge network.
• Hubs can't divide the broadcast domain or the collision
domain. So, if we use hubs then there creates huge broadcast domain. When there
are huge broadcast, the network gets problem time to time. So, it's not wise to
use hubs to support a huge network.
How many layers are in OSI model? Name them
There are seven layers of OSI model. The layers are:
1. Application layer
2. Presentation layer
3. Session layer
4. Transport layer
5. Network layer
6. Data link layer
7. Physical layer
Note: You can remember the seven layer model by a simple
sentence. Please Do Not Touch Steven's Pet Alligator. See, the starting of each
word forms the layer.
Why do you need to use a router?
Router can easily divide the broadcast domain and collision
domain. So, to communicate among several networks, routers are used.
What is the second layer of OSI model?
Data Link layer.
Name two network devices which can work as layer 2 device.
Switch and router
What is OSI model?
OSI revers for Open System Interconnection Reference Model.
It is an abstract model for layered communications and computer network
protocol design. There are seven layers of OSI model which, from top to bottom,
are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and
Physical Layers.
OSI model also referred as OSI layered model, OIS layered
technology, 7 layer model, OSI seven layer model, OSI reference model.
What is the data unit of Data Link layer?
Frame
What are the difference between TCP and UDP?
• TCP: Connection oriented protocol, acknowledged one, Point
to point communication.
• UDP: Connection less protocol, unreliable, less traffic
What is the port no of DNS and Telnet?
• DNS port no: 53
• Telnet port no: 23
What is the port no of SMTP and POP3?
• SMPT port no: 25
• POP3 port no: 110
What is the functionality of network layer? Name the data
unint of network layer.
• Functionality of network layer: Path determination and
logical addressing
• Data unit of network layer: Packet
Which three layers of OSI model is treated as "Media
Layers"?
Physical layer, data link layer and network layer are
treated as "Media Layers".
What is deadlock?
Deadlock is a situation when two or more processes are
waiting indefinitely for an event that can be caused by only one of the waiting
processes. The implementation of a semaphore with a waiting queue may result in
this situation.
Mention the advantages and disadvantages of a router.
Advantages:
• Router can limit the collision domain and broadcast domain
• Router can function both on LAN & WAN.
• Different media & architectures can be connected among
themselves through router.
• Router can determine best path/route for data to reach
• the destination.
• Router can filter the broadcasts.
• For communicating different networks, routers must be
used.
Disadvantage:
• Router is more expensive than any other networking devices
like Hub, Bridge & Switch.
• Router only work with routable protocols.
• Routing updates consume some bandwidth.
• Increase latency due to greater degree of packet
• filtering.
• Routers function as software based and so it's slower
compared to switch.
Mention the private IP address rannge of class B and C.
• For Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
• For Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
What is the IP range of class C IP address?
240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
What is the default subnet mask of class C IP address?
255.255.255.0
Why do you need subnet mask?
Subnet mask is required to divide a large network into
several small networks.
Tell the full name: DNS, FTP
• DNS: Domain Name System
• FTP: File Transfer Protocol
What is the functionality or ARP?
ARP refers to Address Resolution Protocol. ARP is a computer
networking protocol for determining a network host's link layer or hardware
address when only its Internet Layer (IP) or Network Layer address is known.
Which one is reliable: TCP or UDP?
TCP is reliable and UDP is an unreliable service.
How DHCP works?
DHCP works by four-steps: (1) IP request, (2) IP offer (3)
IP selection and (d) Acknowledgement.
What is POP3? Why you require POP3?
POP stands for Post Office Protocol. This is used to
describe how e-mail clients interact with mail servers. The POP3 Server is a
type of mail server used for incoming mail. POP is only used to receive
messages.
What is the difference between Layer 2 Switch and Layer 3
Switch?
Layer 2 switch is based on MAC addresses which operates on
Data Link Layer of OSI mode. And Layer 3 switching is based on network topology
table populated and works on Network layer.
